Category: 135861-56-2

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, in an article , author is Kan, Yinhui, once mentioned of 135861-56-2, Application In Synthesis of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Metasurface-Enabled Generation of Circularly Polarized Single Photons

Single photons carrying spin angular momentum (SAM), i.e., circularly polarized single photons generated typically by subjecting a quantum emitter (QE) to a strong magnetic field at low temperatures, are at the core of chiral quantum optics enabling nonreciprocal single-photon configurations and deterministic spin-photon interfaces. Here, a conceptually new approach to the room-temperature generation of SAM-coded single photons (SSPs) is described, which entails QE nonradiative coupling to surface plasmons being transformed, by interacting with an optical metasurface, into a collimated stream of SSPs with the designed handedness. Design, fabrication, and characterization of SSP sources, consisting of dielectric circular nanoridges with azimuthally varying widths deterministically fabricated on a dielectric-protected silver film around a nanodiamond containing a nitrogen-vacancy center, are reported. With properly engineered phases of QE-originated fields scattered by nanoridges, the outcoupled photons are characterized by a well-defined SAM (with the chirality >0.8) and high directionality (collection efficiency up to 92%).

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 135861-56-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Application In Synthesis of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Reference of 135861-56-2, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Park, Sang Yeon, introduce new discover of the category.

Asymmetric Aminalization via Cation-Binding Catalysis

Asymmetric cation-binding catalysis, in principle, can generate chiral anionic nucleophiles, where the counter cations are coordinated within chiral environments. Nitrogen nucleophiles are intrinsically basic, therefore, its use as nucleophiles is often challenging and limiting the scope of the reaction. Particularly, a formation of configurationally labile aminal centers with alkyl substituents has been a formidable challenge due to the enamine/imine equilibrium of electrophilic substrates. Herein, we report enantioselective nucleophilic addition reactions of potassium phthalimides to Boc-protected alkyl- and aryl-substituted alpha-amido sulfones. In situ generated imines smoothly reacted with the nitrogen nucleophiles to corresponding aminals with good to excellent enantio-selectivitiy under mild reaction conditions. In addition, transformation of aminal products gave biologically relevant pyrrolidinone-fused hexahydropyrimidine scaffold with excellent stereoselectivity and good yield.

Reference of 135861-56-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 135861-56-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Application of 135861-56-2, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Rohde, Laurence N., Jr., introduce new discover of the category.

Crystal structures of chiral 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-one derivatives for the absolute configuration at phosphorus

‘Nitrogen mustard’ bis(2-chloroethyl) amine derivatives (2R, 4S, 5R)- and (2S, 4S, 5R)-2-[bis(2-chloroethyl) amino]-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-one (2a and 2b, respectively), C14H21Cl2N2O2P, and (2R, 4R)- and (2S, 4R)-2-[bis(2-chloroethyl) amino]-4-isobutyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-one (3a and 3b, respectively), C10H21Cl2N2O2P, were synthesized as a mixture of diastereomers through a 1: 1 reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral amino alcohols with bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphoramidic dichloride. Flash column chromatography yielded diastereomerically pure products, as supported by P-31 NMR. The crystal structures of 2b and 3b were obtained to determine their absolute configuration at phosphorus, and P-31 NMR chemical shift trends are proposed based on the spatial relationship of the bis(2-chloroethyl) amine moiety and the chiral substituent of the amino alcohol. Oxazaphospholidinones were observed to have a more downfield P-31 NMR chemical shift when the aforementioned substituents are in a syn configuration and vice versa for when they are anti.

Application of 135861-56-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 135861-56-2.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, Product Details of 135861-56-2135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Nodzewska, Aneta, introduce new discover of the category.

Recent advances in the catalytic oxidation of alkene and alkane substrates using immobilized manganese complexes with nitrogen containing ligands

In recent years, many supported manganese catalysts for the oxidative transformations of hydrocarbons by various terminal oxidants have been designed and tested. A vast range of inorganic (e.g. silica, carbon, zeolites), organic (e.g. polymers, dendrimers), and hybrid (e.g. polymeric phosphates, metal-organic frameworks) materials have been chosen to immobilise catalysts using various anchoring and embedding methods including covalent bonding, axial coordination and non-covalent interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of heterogenised manganese complexes with different nitrogen containing ligands, including porphyrins, salens and amines immobilized on inorganic or/and organic supports in the catalytic oxidation of alkanes and alkenes. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 135861-56-2. Product Details of 135861-56-2.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Application of 135861-56-2, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Xu, Shujuan, introduce new discover of the category.

Covalent organic framework incorporated chiral polymer monoliths for capillary electrochromatography

A covalent organic framework, Schiff base network-1 (SNW-1), was synthesized and incorporated into cellulase based poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (cellulase@poly(GMA-EDMA-SNW-1)) monolith to afford a novel chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). SNW-1 is attractive as a stationary phase for CEC because it not only features high surface areas but also provides conjugate structures and abundant amine groups to give pi-pi electrostatic stacking and hydrogen bonding property. Incorporation of SNW-1 into monolithic column could improve the column efficiency and increase the interactions between the tested racemates and the stationary phase thus significantly improved their CEC separation. The obtained monoliths were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption. Moreover, effects of SNW-1 concentration, immobilization pH of cellulase and CEC conditions were also investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the cellulase@poly(GMA-EDMA-SNW-1) monolith exhibited excellent enantioseparation performance for eight pairs of different classes of chiral drugs including beta-blockers, antihistamines and anticoagulants. Satisfactory repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviations for intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column runs less than 4.5%, and batch-to-batch runs less than 6.8%. The experiment results reveal that the combination of the versatile features of monoliths and unique properties of SNW-1 could be a promising strategy for chiral separation. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of 135861-56-2, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 135861-56-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Application In Synthesis of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, in an article , author is Spengler, Matthias, once mentioned of 135861-56-2.

Photonic NO2 Gas Sensing with Binaphthyl-Based Dopants

A series of reactive binaphthyl-diimine-based dopants is prepared and investigated with respect to their potential for the chiral induction of structural coloration in nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 and the selective photonic sensing of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Studies of the helical twisting power (HTP) in 4-cyano-4 ‘-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) reveal HTP values as high as 375 mu m(-1) and the tremendous impact of structural compatibility and changes of the dihedral binaphthyl angle on the efficiency of the chiral transfer. Detailed investigation of the sensing capabilities of the systems reveals an extraordinarily high selectivity for NO2 and a response to concentrations as low as 100 ppm. The systems show a direct response to the analyte gas leading to a concentration-dependent shift of the reflectance wavelength of up to several hundred nanometers. Incorporation of copper ions remarkably improves the sensor’s properties in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the tailored tweaking of the system’s properties.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 135861-56-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Application In Synthesis of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

In an article, author is Tanrikulu, Guler Inci, once mentioned the application of 135861-56-2, Recommanded Product: (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, molecular formula is C24H30O6, molecular weight is 414.4914, MDL number is MFCD09038711, category is chiral-nitrogen-ligands. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Phosphorus-Nitrogen compounds part 47: The conventional and microwave-assisted syntheses of dispirocyclotriphosphazene derivatives with (4-fluoro/4-nitrobenzyl) pendant arms: Structural and stereogenic properties and DNA interactions

The Cl exchange reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl6, with two equimolar amounts of N-alkyl-N’-mono(4-fluorobenzyl)diamines (1-3), FC6H4CH2NH(CH2)(n)NHR1 (n=2 and 3, R-1=CH3 or C2H5), and N-alkyl-N’-mono(4-nitrobenzyl)diamines (4 and 5), NO2C6H4CH2NH(CH2)(n)NHR1 (n= 2, R-1= CH3 or C2H5), led to the formation of the mono(4-fluorobenzyl) (1a-3a) and mono(4-nitrobenzyl) (4a and 5a) spirocyclotriphosphazenes as minor products, and trans-bis(4-fluorobenzyl) (1b-3b) and trans-bis(4-nitrobenzyl) (4b and 5b) spirocyclotriphosphazenes as major products. The bis(4-fluorobenzyl) spirocyclotriphosphazene (1b) reacted with excess pyrrolidine to give fully substituted (1c) phosphazene. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, FTIR, H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR techniques. The molecular and crystal structures of 1a, 3b and 6 were identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 3b and 6 were unambiguously established as SS and R respectively, using X-ray crystallographic data. On the other hand, the interactions of 1b, 1c, 3b-5b and 6 with plasmid DNA indicated that compounds 3b, 4b, and 5b caused a decrease in the mobilities and intensities of form I and form II DNA. Compounds 1b, 1c and 6 caused a double strand break of plasmid DNA. All of the tested compounds inhibited enzyme cleavage indicating compound bindings to the specific G/G and A/A nucleotides.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 135861-56-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Quality Control of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, in an article , author is Kuzyk, Mark C., once mentioned of 135861-56-2.

Scaling Phononic Quantum Networks of Solid-State Spins with Closed Mechanical Subsystems

Phononic quantum networks feature distinct advantages over photonic networks for on-chip quantum communications, providing a promising platform for developing quantum computers with robust solid-state spin qubits. Large mechanical networks including one-dimensional chains of trapped ions, however, have inherent and well-known scaling problems. In addition, chiral phononic processes, which are necessary for conventional phononic quantum networks, are difficult to implement in a solid-state system. To overcome these seemingly unsolvable obstacles, we have developed a new network architecture that breaks a large mechanical network into small and closed mechanical subsystems. This architecture is implemented in a diamond phononic nanostructure featuring alternating phononic crystal waveguides with specially designed band gaps. The implementation also includes nanomechanical resonators coupled to color centers through phonon-assisted transitions as well as quantum state transfer protocols that can be robust against the thermal environment.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 135861-56-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn, HPLC of Formula: C24H30O6, Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, molecular formula is chiral-nitrogen-ligands, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a document, author is Chang, Fei-Fan, introducing its new discovery.

Construction and Photoluminescent Properties of Schiff-Base Macrocyclic Mono-/Di-/Trinuclear Zn-II Complexes with the Common 2-Ethylthiophene Pendant Arm

A new flexible 2-ethylthiophene pendant-armed dialdehyde (H(2)tdd) was reacted with 1,3-propanediamine, [(S,S),-(R,R),(+/-)]-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, giving birth to 36-membered [2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocyclic trinuclear Zn-II complex 1, 18-membered [1 + 1] mononuclear Zn-II macrocycles 2-4, chiral/racemic 34-membered [2 + 2] dinuclear Zn-II complexes 5-9, and 46-membered [2 + 2] dinuclear Zn-II macrocycles 10-12 via Zn-II ion template-assisted Schiff-base condensation. It is worth mentioning that the secondary template effects for nitrate and halide counterions have been observed in the 1,3-propanediamine involved imine condensation. In all [2 + 2] Zn-II macrocycles, dinuclear complexes 5-9 display a full-folded molecular conformation, while trinuclear complex 1 and dinuclear complexes 10-12 exhibit distinct half-folded structures in the presence or absence of intramolecular pi-pi stacking interactions between two phenolic rings of the dialdehyde component. Interestingly, a solvent-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation was first achieved for two types of solvated mononuclear macrocycles 3a and 3b (H2O vs CH3CN) with folded and unfolded ligand conformations. In addition, the photoluminescent properties were studied for this family of Schiff-base macrocyclic Zn-II complexes as well as the dialdehyde precursor H(2)tdd.

If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 135861-56-2, HPLC of Formula: C24H30O6.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Reference of 135861-56-2, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 135861-56-2, Name is (1R)-1-((4R,4aR,8aS)-2,6-Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@](OC(C2=CC=C(C)C(C)=C2)OC3)([H])[C@@]3([H])OC(C4=CC=C(C)C(C)=C4)O1)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Latli, Bachir, introduce new discover of the category.

Synthesis of highly potent lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonists labeled with carbon-14 and with stable isotopes, part 3

The drug candidates (2) and (3) are highly potent LFA-1 inhibitors. They were efficiently prepared labeled with carbon-14 using a palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of an iodo-precursor (5) and sodium formate-C-14 to afford acid [C-14]-(6), which was coupled via an amide bond to chiral amines (7) and (8) in 52% and 48% overall yield, respectively, and with specific activities higher than 56 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purities of 99%. For stable isotopes synthesis, the amine [H-2(8)]-(7) was synthesized in three steps from 2-cyanopyridine-H-2(4) using Kulinkovich-Szymonik aminocyclopropanation, followed by coupling to L-alanine-2,3,3,3-H-2(4)-N-t-BOC, and then removal of the BOC-protecting group. Amide bond formation with acid (6) gave [H-2(8)]-(2) in 36% overall yield. The amine [C-13(4),N-15]-(8) was obtained in two steps using L-threonine-C-14(4),N-15 and then coupled to acid [C-13]-(6) to give [C-13(5),N-15]-(3) in 56% overall yield.

Reference of 135861-56-2, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 135861-56-2.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis