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Buffer gas modifiers have been used to separate overlapping analytes in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS); separation relies on the formation of large and slow modifier-analyte adducts with different mobilities; however, it is unknown the cause of separation and predictions about a given separation cannot be made. Therefore, we vaporized phenylethanol modifier (P) into the buffer gas of an ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer to explain the selective effect of this modifier on the mobilities of asparagine, methionine, and phenylalanine amino acids; amino acid mobilities decreased selectively due to formation of slow phenylethanol:amino acid ion adducts. Mobility reductions were asparagine (-19.4%), methionine (-19.5%), and phenylalanine (-20.8%). Then, we compared phenylalanine and methionine mobility reductions when 2-butanol (B), methyl 2-chloropropionate (M), and alpha-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol (F) modifiers were introduced in the buffer gas; mobility reductions were M > P > F > B for both amino acids. Parameters such as modifier size, modifier-ion interaction energies, modifier proton affinities, steric and inductive effects, and intramolecular hydrogen bond strength explained modifier effect on mobility reduction. High modifier-ion interaction energies increase adduct average lifetimes and large modifiers produce adducts with large collision cross sections and explain mobility differences between adducts. The other parameters are taken into account when calculating modifier-ion interaction energies.
Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amountRecommanded Product: 2,4-Dimethylpyridine, you can also check out more blogs about108-47-4
Reference：
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis—I. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis